Any device that emits electromagnetic radiation (Eg: RF) can erase/corrupt magnetic striep data.
A mobile phone is frequently transmitting information to base sites, even in standby mode, so close proximity to a card with a magnetic stripe, including credit cards, can corrupt the data.
Having a strong magnet on a phone case will do a much better and faster job of destroying information on a card magnetic stripe.
It's a trap a lot of people discover.
I've had it happen to me as well.
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