The Origin of UTC
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o The concept of a coordinated universal time was introduced in 1960
when the British and American national time services initiated a
program to coordinate the offsets of the frequencies and epochs
(phases) of transmitted time service radio signals from Atomic Time in
approximating UT2. Subsequently, other national time services joined
the program. The BIH was charged with the task of monitoring and
maintaining the program and introduced the term Temps Universel
Coordinné or Coordinated Universal Time for the coordinated time scale
in 1964. Initially, the time scale was derived by offsetting its rate
from that of Atomic Time to agree with the average rate of UT2 over
the past year and was held fixed at that rate for the following year.
If the rate of UT2 changed significantly during the year, then an
offset (from 1962, in multiples of 100 milliseconds) could be
introduced on the first day of a month. This system of frequency and
epoch offsets was continued until 1972 when the current practice was
adopted of keeping the rate of UTC equal to that of Atomic Time and
introducing leap seconds when needed to keep UTC to within 0.9 seconds
(it was 0.7 seconds until January 1975) of UT1.
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